Historical Journey of Pyrethrum & its benefits in Kenya
The cultivation of pyrethrum, a perennial daisy-like plant, began in Kenya in the early 1920s, introduced by European settlers
Pyrethrum, often referred to as “Kenya’s White Gold,” has a storied history that dates back to the colonial era. The cultivation of pyrethrum, a perennial daisy-like plant, began in Kenya in the early 1920s, introduced by European settlers. The plant thrived in the country’s cool highland areas, particularly in regions like Nakuru, Nyandarua, Kericho, and Kisii, due to their conducive climate.
By the mid-20th century, Kenya had become the world’s leading producer of pyrethrum, supplying over 70% of the global demand. The Pyrethrum Board of Kenya (PBK), established in 1934, was instrumental in managing the industry, regulating cultivation, and processing pyrethrum flowers into pyrethrin – a natural insecticide.
In the 1980s, Kenya’s pyrethrum industry began to face challenges, including competition from synthetic insecticides, mismanagement of the PBK, and declining farmer interest due to delayed payments. However, recent efforts to revive the sector, including privatizing the Pyrethrum Processing Company of Kenya (PPCK) and promoting private investment, have reignited hope for its resurgence.
Benefits of Pyrethrum
- Natural Insecticide
Pyrethrin, extracted from pyrethrum flowers, is an effective and environmentally friendly insecticide. It is widely used in agriculture to control pests and in households for mosquito repellents and other insect-control products. Unlike synthetic pesticides, pyrethrin decomposes rapidly, leaving minimal residue and reducing environmental impact. - Economic Livelihoods
Its afrming provides income for thousands of smallholder farmers in Kenya’s highlands. The revival of the industry has the potential to uplift rural communities, create jobs, and enhance economic stability. - Export Earnings
Pyrethrum remains a valuable export commodity, earning Kenya foreign exchange. Global markets continue to demand natural insecticides, particularly in regions adopting organic farming practices. - Health and Safety
Pyrethrum-based products are less toxic to humans and animals compared to synthetic alternatives, making them suitable for domestic use and environmentally sensitive areas. - Sustainability
Pyrethrum cultivation promotes sustainable farming. The plant thrives in marginal soils and requires fewer chemical inputs, reducing the overall carbon footprint associated with its production.
Challenges and the Way Forward
Despite its benefits, the sector in Kenya has faced hurdles, including fluctuating market prices, limited access to quality seedlings, and competition from synthetic insecticides. For the industry to thrive, stakeholders must address these challenges through improved farmer incentives, modernized processing facilities, and stronger global marketing strategies.
Revitalizing this sector in Kenya not only holds promise for economic growth but also reinforces the country’s position as a leader in sustainable agriculture. With renewed focus and collaboration, Kenya’s “White Gold” could once again shine brightly on the global stage.
